Dystocia is defined as an abnormal difficult labor and delivery. Several factors cause dystocia like abnormally irregular uterine contractions, abnormal fetal presentation and cephalopelvic disproportion.
Dystocia management ranges from the use of Oxytocin to improve uterine activity or assisted delivery like forceps or a c-section to ensure safe passage for the infant.
It is difficult to diagnose shoulder dystocia that is why the problem will surface only during the actual birth of the infant.
And in this case, it is an obstetrical emergency situation that needs immediate management or fetal death can occur within 5 minutes if the infant is not delivered immediately.
There are obstetrical maneuvers done by experienced obstetrician to facilitate the immediate delivery including:
More drastic maneuvers include:
The major concern with shoulder dystocia is the devastating risk it poses both to the mother and the infant whether the maneuver is performed or not.
But with the experience of a skilled and properly trained obstetrician and aid from health providers both mother and child will be saved from fatal injuries.
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